Monday, June 7, 2010

Final Study Sheet

1. What geographic phenomena is Spain and Portugal located on? Iberian Peninsula
2. What were the primary purposed of the exploration of America?
Gaining Natural Resources, expanding territories, spreading religion
3. Where did Christopher Columbus first land in the Americas? Bahamas
4. What prominent natural resources did Spanish settlers reap from the American Continent? Gold, Silver, Tobacco, Potatoes
5. Where in the U.S. did the history of Latinos begin? Florida and South Western regions.
6. Who where the first U.S. citizens to successfully navigate the Western United States? Lewis and Clark (1804-1806)
7. Who was the first Spanish to successfully navigate the Western United States? Juan Bautista de Anza (1750's)
8. What was the Spanish Inquisition (Also called the Reconquest)?
Spain outlawed all religion other than Catholicism (Judaism and Islam was no longer allowed)

Key Facts
- During early Spanish colonization Native American were given the choice to convert to Catholicism, relocate, or die.
- Indigenous people were inappropriately called Indians because the first settlers thought they had landed in India when they had actually discovered the Americas.
- there are few or no existing historic accounts written by Native Americans documenting their history due to the fact they were destroyed or lost during the process of colonization
- Native Americans were primarily peaceful people until Europeans started to murder the indigenous and plunder the land.
- The indigenous population of the Americas was decimated due to war and disease brought by the Europeans
- Missionaries were more compassionate to the indigenous than the conquistadors. For Example: They built schools, communities and learning native languages.
- Indigenous often revolted and ran away from missions and English settlements due to the harsh labor requirements
- Spanish settlers would have children with indigenous women. These children were called Mestizo
- What was the racial hierarcy in Spanish colonies?
1. Spaniard (Born in Spain)
2. Creole (American Born but pure-blood spanish)
3. Mestizo (Mixed-Blood Spanish and indigenous)
4. Indigenous people
5. Blacks (slaves)

Key Terms
Economy - system of wealth and business
Indigenous - Native People
Colonization - The process of European countries forcibly claiming land
Evangelism - The process of converting people to Catholicism (or Christianity more generally)
Hispanic - People born in Spain or direct descendant of Spain
Latino - People born in countries that are predominantly Spanish speaking (other than Spain)
Minuscule - A small amount
Precedes - To come before
Mutiny - revolt against the authority
Acculturation - the adoption of culture (often forced)
Missions - communities focused on converting the indigenous populations to Catholicism (or Christianity on the whole)
Chronicle - Historical written document
Hierarchy - designated order of importance

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